Mid Sound: Green Stormwater Infrastructure

25 Projects for Salmon-Healthy Streams

Mid Sound's Green Stormwater Infrastructure Program

Mid Sound Fisheries Enhancement Group is a small Seattle-based nonprofit engaging people in on-the-ground efforts to local stream and near-shore habitat, so local salmon and communities can thrive. We have been working in King County’s two main watersheds (WRIAs 8 & 9) since 1991. Historically, Mid Sound’s focus has been on the protection and enhancement of salmonid habitat through riparian restoration efforts. In 2021, Mid Sound debuted Salmon Friendly, our Green Stormwater Infrastructure (GSI) incentive program. GSI projects complement Mid Sound’s ongoing restoration efforts by redirecting stormwater back into the landscape, reducing the burden on salmon by addressing issues of flooding and pollution from stormwater runoff.

What is Green Stormwater Infrastructure (GSI)?

Rain Gardens

A rain garden is a type of garden designed to collect, store, and infiltrate stormwater in a way that is environmentally beneficial. Mimicking a native wetland, rain gardens plants and special rain garden soil mix provide opportunities to manage stormwater runoff at the location it is created. Rain gardens are typically designed for residential properties, as the relatively small cost, scale, and amount of engineering required make them ideal stormwater solutions for individual homes.

Cisterns

Cisterns, or rainwater storage tanks, are one way to collect rainwater for reuse at other times. The cisterns installed by Salmon Friendly were all above-ground storage systems that did not require special permitting or review, and ranged in capacity from 250 gallons to over 1,000 gallons of storage at one time.

Native Plant Habitat

Not every property is suitable for a rain garden, so Mid Sound offers native habitat restoration projects so that everyone can be Salmon Friendly. Our Salmon Friendly habitat restoration projects replaced grass lawn, as well as sections of yard lost to Himalayan Blackberry and other invasive species, or where existing stormwater issues were present. Trees have the potential to help naturally manage stormwater onsite, and our native habitat projects featured native tree species whenever circumstances allowed.

What Native Plants Work in PNW Rain Gardens?

To learn more about what native plants work best for PNW Rain Gardens, check out  Mid Sound's Native Plant Guide .

Why are Rain Gardens & Cisterns Important?

Controls Flooding & Filters Stormwater

Mid Sound offers rain gardens as an incentive based on their great ability manage stormwater on a residential scale.

Benefits Native Pollinators

Rain gardens are filled with native plants that provide food and safety for pollinators such as honey bees, bumblebees, butterflies, moths, and hummingbirds.

Supports Urban Lakes & Streams

Urban landscapes, which have been significantly altered by human activity, absorb only a small percentage of the rain that falls when compared to healthy native habitat. GSI projects help to restore natural storage and filtration processes, reducing rapid increase of water into creeks and streams caused by major weather events (also known as “flashy flows”). In areas with high amounts of impervious surfaces, a rain garden or other GSI project might be the only mechanism for removing pollutants before stormwater is released into our waterways.

Protects Salmon

Pacific salmon depend on clean, clear, cool, complex, and connected habitat. They are incredibly sensitive to pollution found in urban runoff that enters into local streams from nearby roads and homes.

Runoff includes metals such as copper that can harm a salmon’s ability to detect predators; pesticides and petroleum-based products that can lower a salmon’s immune system; and a toxin found in car tire dust that can kill both juvenile and adult salmon. Runoff not only contains harmful toxins & heavy metals, it can also create a flow strong enough to wash out stream beds and disrupt salmon habitats.

Rain gardens help filter runoff from roofs and streets, and both rain gardens and cisterns help release runoff slowly so that streams don’t get washed out. These efficient, green stormwater systems also help prevent flooding, keeping our homes and roads safe. 

Mid Sound GSI Projects

Brooks Cistern

Tanaka Cistern

Couvrette-Merrick Rain Garden

Cariello Rain Garden

Maddex Native Plant Habitat

Marais-Nason Native Plant Habitat

Hayward Cistern

Cower Rain Garden & Cistern

Banfield Cistern

Kohut Rain Garden & Cistern

Shelly Native Plant Habitat

Bazaldua Rain Garden

Hannah Rain Garden

Knapp Cistern

Wheeler Cistern

Brekke Davis Cistern

Newman Rain Garden & Cistern

McRaney Rain Garden

Ahmady Rain Garden & Cistern

Smith Cistern

Wendland Cistern

Brooks Cistern

For this installation two 265 gallon rainwater collection cisterns have been installed at a private residence in Woodinville, Washington. The home is in suburban neighborhood perched above the Snoqualmie River valley. Previously, the stormwater runoff from the home was piped to a large retention facility where it would stagnate untreated before eventually being released into the larger stormwater system. Now, the homeowner will capture thousands of gallons of water each year for gardening and landscaping purposes.

Tanaka Cistern

This project was a cistern installation at a private residence in Woodinville, Washington. A 530 gallon cistern tank collects water from one downspout for reuse in backyard gardening beds, reducing the strain on municipal water sources and the local stormwater infrastructure, which eventually empties into Bear Creek.

Couvrette-Merrick Rain Garden

This project is a rain garden at a suburban residence near Woodinville, Washington. The garden collects 330 ft² of contributing area from the residence's roof and replaces a 96 ft² footprint of existing lawn. The garden has a ponding area of 18 ft², allowing for infiltration and storage of stormwater onsite. Previously runoff would empty directly into a county ditch which in turn empties into a tributary of Bear Creek. Providing a place for runoff management where it originates helps to reduce the burden on the existing stormwater system and the severity of flashy flows in creeks during flood events.

Cariello Rain Garden

This project is a rain garden at a suburban residence near Woodinville, Washington. Roof runoff is collected from an area of 344 ft² of and transported approximately 140 ft² to the rain garden. The garden replaces 140 ft² of existing lawn and has a ponding area of 21 ft². The garden is designed to overflow into a heavily wooded natural area, naturally managing all the runoff on property. Approximately 35 native plants were installed in the rain garden.

Maddex Native Plant Habitat

This installation was a habitat restoration project, replacing approximately 600 ft² of residential lawn abutting Lake Leota in Woodinville, Washington. Cold Creek flows through Lake Leota, proceeding to drain into Cottage Lake and then to Bear Creek. The lake is rimmed by private residences and the ecology of the lake has been greatly disturbed by human activity. At this site a rain garden wasn't feasible, as lakes such as this are sensitive to the various chemical inputs a rain garden might release into the water. Instead, sod was removed from between 600 and 1,000 ft² of existing lawn and replaced with a mix of native shrubs and trees by Mid Sound staff. The homeowner is steadily removing the remaining sod and the project is designed to soak up surface water that seasonally pools in this section of their yard.

Marais-Nason Native Plant Habitat

This installation was a habitat restoration project, replacing approximately 200 ft² of lakefront on Lake Leota in Woodinville, Washington. Cold Creek flows through Lake Leota, proceeding to drain into Cottage Lake and then to Bear Creek. The lake is rimmed by private residences and the ecology of the lake has been greatly disturbed by human activity. At this site a rain garden wasn't feasible, as lakes such as this are sensitive to the various chemical inputs a rain garden might release into the water. Instead, sod was removed from approximately 200 ft² of existing lawn and replaced with a mix of native shrubs and trees by Mid Sound staff. The homeowner is steadily removing the remaining sod and the project is designed to soak up surface water that seasonally pools in this section of their yard.

Hayward Cistern

This installation consists of two 420 gallon rainwater cisterns collecting water from 420 ft² of a residential roof near Cottage Lake, Washington. The wetlands around Cottage Lake represent the furthest upstream extent of Chinook habitat in this watershed currently. Historically, Chinook would have been present further upstream and repairing habitat conditions may eventually lead to their recovery locally. Prior to installation, the thousands of gallons of runoff emptied down a steep slope in the residence's backyard into Daniels Creek, a tributary creek of Cottage Lake. This retrofit will reduce the amount of runoff emptying onto a geologically risky slope, and redirect thousands of gallons each year back into the homeowner's landscape. A small submersible water pump was included in this design to draw the stored rainwater uphill to the areas it can be safely and effectively used.

Cower Rain Garden & Cistern

This project is a rain garden and cistern installation near Woodinville, Washington. The rain garden replaces an approximately 100 ft² area that was previously lawn. It collects runoff from 450 ft² of roof area and has a ponding area of 45 ft² for storage during infiltration. Two "slimline" style rainwater storage cisterns, each with a 265 gallon capacity, have been set up to collect runoff from the home's garage, as well. These cisterns will provide the homeowners with thousands of gallons of water to reuse on their property, reducing the amount needed to be drawn from municipal sources.

Banfield Cistern

This project is a cistern installation near Woodinville, Washington. This system is designed to collect roof runoff from 600 ft² and direct it into two 420 gallon cistern tanks at ground level below the home. Since the native landscape areas the homeowner is intending to supplement with the collected water are at a higher elevation than the collection point in the system a small submersible pump has been provided to draw water to its intended location.

Kohut Rain Garden & Cistern

This site, near Woodinville, Washington is a rural residence near Cottage Lake in the Bear Creek watershed. The homeowner opted for a cistern and a rain garden. The rain garden and cistern collect roof runoff from approximately 480 ft² and 160 ft² of contributing area, respectively. The rain garden replaces 113 ft² of lawn and has a ponding area of 49 ft². The cistern has a capacity of 265 gallons and is piped to overflow to the rain garden when full. The cistern provides for reuse of rainwater for the homeowner's orchard, landscape, and the establishment of rain garden plants.

Shelly Native Plant Habitat

This is a habitat restoration project at a private residence near Woodinville, Washington. Here, approximately 900 ft² of forested landscape collects runoff of an unknown origin, presumably coming from the upslope forest owned by a municipality. The runoff often forms surface flows and eventually empties into the homeowners driveway, scouring it, and then to a county ditch further downstream. The ditch itself eventually empties into Bear Creek. In this case, blackberry was removed from the site and a variety of water-loving native plants including dogwoods and willows were planted instead. This project will function to improve the water absorption capacity of the landscape, to reduce the severity of runoff moving across their property, and to eventually restore a healthy forest understory habitat at the site.

Bazaldua Rain Garden

This project is a rain garden installation at a suburban residence near Woodinville, Washington. The rain garden collects approximately 500 ft² of redirected roof runoff into a 130 ft² footprint with 40 ft² of ponding area. Stormwater is now treated onsite which would have previously entered the existing ditch and pipe infrastructure draining directly towards Bear Creek without attenuation.

Hannah Rain Garden

This installation is a rain garden at a private suburban residence adjacent to Bear Creek near Woodinville, Washington. The rain garden collects approximately 500 ft² of roof area and redirects the runoff to a 156 ft² rain garden with 51 ft² of ponding area. All of the runoff is anticipated to infiltrate vertically into the rain garden, rejoining the natural near-stream hydrology. Between 30 and 50 native plants have also been installed in the rain garden to be part of a healthy native landscape. Bear Creek is historically an important Chinook Salmon habitat and these stormwater retrofits are designed to improve habitat conditions for the native ecological community in and around Bear Creek.

Knapp Cistern

This project was the installation of two 265 gallon rainwater harvesting tanks at a Residential property in the Bear Creek watershed near Redmond, Washington. The property is rural in nature and directly abuts Bear Creek, one of the waterways with vital Chinook habitat we're looking to protect. The installation of cisterns diverts thousands of gallons of rainwater from the existing stormwater infrastructure, which would eventually empty into Bear Creek. Instead, this water will be used on a residential garden patch, conserving resources, and slowly returning the water to the landscape in a manner more in line with what would have been the natural flow patterns of the site.

Wheeler Cistern

This project was the installation of two 420 gallon cistern tanks at a rural residence near Redmond, Washington. This homeowner was already addressing issues related to the home's runoff and installing two cisterns during the restructuring of their stormwater conveyance system was a practical consideration. The home is situated alongside Evans Creek, which feeds directly into Lake Sammamish. All of the water captured by the cisterns will remain onsite, watering the landscape and contributing to local ecological health. Without the interception provided by the cisterns thousands of extra gallons a year would flow toward Evans Creek as stormwater runoff.

Brekke Davis Cistern

This project is a cistern installation near Issaquah, Washington. The cisterns will be set up to collect 395 ft² of contributing area from the roof of a shed. Two 480 gallon cylindrical cistern tanks hold 960 gallons of rainwater at a time, providing the homeowner with thousands of gallons of water to reuse for gardening and landscaping purposes around their property, and moderating the release of water on the property over time.

Newman Rain Garden & Cistern

This project is a rain garden and cistern installation on a rural property near Covington, Washington. The rain garden is drawing runoff from a 1500 ft² roof area to an approximately 320 ft² rain garden with 150 ft² of ponding area. It is intercepting a large portion of the home's preexisting runoff in the small area between the home and Little Soos Creek, one of our targeted waterbodies because of it's vital Chinook salmon habitat. The 530 gallon cistern tank is connected to an outlying barn and the thousands of gallons collected each year will be used on a residential garden.

McRaney Rain Garden

This rain garden project collects roof runoff from a residential home in Covington, Washington. The collected roof area that contributes to the rain garden is approximately 650 ft². The rain garden itself has a footprint of about 100' ft² and a pond area of 45 ft², respectively. The project collects water from three downspouts which would otherwise deliver runoff directly to the exiting stormwater system, feeding directly to Little Soos Creek, one of our targeted waterways.

Ahmady Rain Garden & Cistern

There are two projects at this residence in Covington, Washington; a rain garden and a cistern. The rain garden collects about 500 ft² of roof runoff from one side of the home while the cistern collects 250 ft² from another side. The rain garden takes up a 180 ft² footprint, replacing existing lawn, and contains approximately 100 ft² of ponding area. The cistern tank has 265 gallons of storage capacity which will allow for rainwater reuse for gardening and landscaping.

Smith Cistern

This project includes two 420 gallon cisterns collecting roof runoff from 916 ft² of garage roof. The outlying garage is located next to the residence's large garden plot and the rain water will be used onsite to water vegetables. The property is immediately uphill from the green river and reusing this water onsite has the potential to moderate the flow of water through the local hydrological system.

Wendland Cistern

This installation included three 530 gallon cistern tanks for rainwater harvesting. These tanks collect approximately 1,000 ft² of surface area from the garage roof and have been connected to the home's existing system of cistern tanks, increasing the homeowner's total storage capacity. The homeowner has extensive landscaping and gardening beds, and the collected water will slowly return to the soil through controlled release.

The Salmon Friendly: Green Stormwater Infrastructure program at Mid Sound is funded by the EPA through the NEP Program and the Stormwater Strategic Initiative

Mid Sound thanks the wonderful folks at  Cascade Ecology ,  Kat's Landscaping  &  Rain Dog Designs  for their incredible work on these projects.