Ink and Identity

My project, Ink and Identity: Tracing the Evolution of Islamic Calligraphy in Morocco's Heartlands, aimed to explore the profound connection between Islamic calligraphy and Moroccan culture. Islamic calligraphy has long been a distinctive art form that embodies both devotion to spirituality and artistic craftsmanship which serves as a significant cultural and socio-economic asset in Morocco. Through immersive fieldwork in Casablanca, Marrakech, and Fez, my research examined the historical evolution of Islamic calligraphy and its continuing socio-economic impact on local artisans and the cultural tourism sector in Morocco.

The inspiration for this project is both personal and academic. My ability to read Arabic and my Muslim faith form a deep connection to the art of calligraphy, further enhanced by my studies in Islamic Art with Professor Ruth Kolarik. My father’s involvement in calligraphy also nurtured my appreciation for this art form which led me to investigate its historical depth and modern relevance in Morocco.

The project had three primary objectives:

1. Historical Evolution: To investigate the historical progression of Islamic calligraphy in Morocco from its early Kufic script influences to the distinct Maghrebi style. I focus on key cultural sites like the Hassan II Mosque in Casablanca and Ben Youssef Madrasa in Marrakech.
2. Cultural Significance: To assess how calligraphy has shaped Moroccan identity and religious practices. Furthermore, looking into its enduring role in maintaining cultural heritage​.
3. Modern Transformations: To explore how Moroccan artisans are preserving traditional calligraphy while incorporating contemporary influences, particularly in modern public artworks​.

The research utilizes a qualitative approach, combining observational study, photographic documentation, and semi-structured interviews to explore the evolution of Islamic calligraphy in Morocco.

Fieldwork Sites: Visited key locations in Fez (Al-Attarine and Bou Inania Madras), Marrakech (Ben Youssef Madrasa and Saadian Tombs), and Casablanca (Hassan II Mosque) to study historical and modern calligraphy.

Interviews: I conducted semi-structured interviews with local artisans and scholars will provide insights into the socio-economic significance of calligraphy and its preservation amidst modern adaptations.

Analysis: I also compared historical and modern practices and evaluated how traditional elements are preserved and how they evolve in modern public spaces.

My research underscored that Islamic calligraphy in Morocco is far more than a decorative art. It is a living, evolving tradition that is deeply intertwined with Moroccan identity, religion, and architecture. The distinctive Maghrebi script, with its ornamental and rounded style, has become a cultural emblem that sets Moroccan calligraphy apart from other forms of Arabic script. This script is prominently featured in religious institutions like madrasas and mosques, but also in modern public spaces, contributing to both the country’s religious heritage and its evolving urban landscape.

Economically, Islamic calligraphy is a crucial source of livelihood for many Moroccan artisans, particularly in cities like Fez and Marrakech. Local artisans rely heavily on cultural tourism and offer workshops and sell calligraphic art as high-end souvenirs. Through exhibitions and participation in festivals, these artisans play a vital role in keeping the art alive while adapting it to meet contemporary demands​.

One significant finding is the role of Moroccan artisans in blending tradition with modernity. Contemporary Moroccan artists are finding new ways to incorporate calligraphy into different media—such as murals, digital art, and public installations—ensuring that this historical art form remains relevant in today’s globalized world​.

The project highlighted how cultural tourism serves as a lifeline for Moroccan calligraphers. Master artisans, many of whom participate in cultural festivals and exhibitions, are able to sustain their craft through workshops and commissions. The traditional method of teaching calligraphy through small, personalized classes remains an important practice, emphasizing the strong community connections that have always been central to Moroccan calligraphy​.

Islamic calligraphy is deeply rooted in Moroccan cultural identity. This project offers a valuable contribution to the academic field of Islamic art by documenting the ways in which the Maghrebi script has evolved and how it continues to shape both religious and secular spaces in Morocco. Additionally, my research highlights how cultural preservation, which is driven by the tourism industry, can play a significant role in the economic empowerment of artisans and the broader Moroccan community.

The Ink and Identity project sheds light on the enduring cultural and socio-economic importance of Islamic calligraphy in Morocco. By investigating both the historical roots and contemporary adaptations of this art form, the project provides insights into how Moroccan artisans are navigating the challenges and opportunities presented by a modern, globalized world. Through presentations, exhibitions, and workshops at Colorado College, I hope to share these findings, enriching the broader discourse on Islamic art and promoting a deeper appreciation for Moroccan cultural heritage.

Thank you so much to the Keller Family and the Venture Grant for enabling us to have this experience! Thank you as well to all the people in Morocco for their co-operation and warm welcome.